Detection and Genotyping of Helicobacter pylori among Gastric ulcer and Cancer Patients from Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is cause of several gastrointestinal diseases in humans. Virulence genes of H. pylori are associated with severity of disease and vary geographically. The aim of present study was to detect H. pylori in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues and further investigate prevalence of babA2, cagA, iceA1, iceA2, vacA s1/s2 and vacA m1/m2 genotypes in H. pylori from gastric cancer (GC) and gastric ulcer (GU) patients' biopsy samples. METHODS We used FFPE tissues of 35 GC and 10 GU patients' biopsy samples. Using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), detection of H. pylori strain was performed by using specific primers targeting 16S rRNA and ureC encodes for phosphoglucosamine mutase genes. We have identified different virulence genes of H. pylori by PCR. RESULTS Of all the 45 samples tested, 20 GC and all 10 GU samples were positive for identification of H. pylori using specific genes (16S rRNA and ureC). The prevalence of babA2 (100%) was significantly higher in GC as compared to GU (40%) samples. The rate of virulence genes vacAs1 was higher in both GU 8 (80%) and GC (100%). CONCLUSIONS Our study finds that vacAs1am1 and babA2 are most prominent genotypes and may play role in development of Gastric cancer.